Forex Trading

Foreign Exchange or FOREX is the financial market where a nation's currency is exchanged for that of another. The foreign exchange market is the largest financial market in the world, with the equivalent of over $1.7 trillion changing hands daily; more than three times the aggregate amount of the US equity and bond and commodity markets combined.

Unlike the other financial markets mentioned, the Forex market has no physical location and no central exchange; this makes the Forex market an OTC or over-the counter market. It operates through a global network of banks, corporations and market makers trading one currency for another.

The lack of a physical exchange enables the Forex market to operate on a 24-hour basis, spanning from one time zone to another in all the major financial centres of the world.

Traditionally, private traders only means of gaining access to the foreign exchange market was through banks that transacted large amounts of currencies for commercial and investment purposes. Trading volume has increased rapidly over time, especially after exchange rates were allowed to float freely in 1971.

Over resent years the way the interbank currency market operates has changed dramatically. The Forex market has become accessible to private traders. The market makers have achieved this through a combination of low margin and high leverage and providing the professional tools and services needed to trade effectively in an independent atmosphere.

For the active trader, foreign exchange should be no different than other investments or financial instruments such as equities, commodities, bonds, notes, bills, etc.

In fact because of the globalisation of the economic world and the consolidation of whole economic regions such as the European Union, having currencies as part of a diversified portfolio simply makes sound portfolio and investment sense.

Just like these other investment alternatives mentioned, foreign exchange offers private traders and investors a market where they can buy and sell an investment product. In this case it is a specific Currency Pairs.

The currency pair may be the Euro versus the US Dollar, the US Dollar versus the Japanese Yen, the British Pound versus the US Dollar, the Euro versus British Pound, or a number of other currency combinations.

The different currency combinations represent nothing more than the value of one currency versus the value of another. That relationship is represented by a single price.

In foreign exchange, the price of a currency pair is the markets expectations at that time of the value of that currency vis-a-vis another currency given the current and expected economic and political situation of the two countries. In equity terms, it would be the price of the stock.

If for example, a country's inflation and interest rates are low and stable. If it's economy is strong and politics are stable and the expectations are for more of the same, then one can expect "in general" for that country's currency to remain strong versus a less fundamentally favourable currency. Keeping in mind that all comparisons are relative to that of other economic regions.

Contrasting that with equity, if the domestic and global economy is strong and inflation is not running away. If competition is not taking away market share or eating into margins as well product demand and growth are strong.

If the companies internal "politics" are such that the workers are happy and productive, and expectations are for more of the same, then you can expect that companies stock to remain strong versus a company with less favourable fundamentals within the same sector.

Like equities there are other factors that determine the short-term value of a product including technical analysis, short-term supply and demand, seasonal capital flow patterns, the current price of the instrument, etc.

By analysing the pricing dynamics and combining that with sound money management discipline like stop loss orders, the trader can insure greater success in his foreign exchange trading.

So what is is Forex trading you may ask? Forex is the exchange you can buy and sell currencies. For example, you might buy British pounds (by exchanging them to the dollars you had), then, after pounds / dollar ratio goes up, you sell pounds and buy dollars again. At the end of this operation you are going to have more dollars, then you had at the beginning.

The Forex market has much higher liquidity, then the stock market, as much more money is being exchanged. Forex is spread between banks all over the planet and as a result it means 24 hour trading.

Unlike stocks, Forex trades are performed with high leverage, usually it is 100. It means that by investing $1000 you can control $100,000, and increase potential profits accordingly. Some brokers provide also so called mini-Forex, where the size of minimum deposit equals $100. It makes possible for individuals to enter this market easily.

The name convention. In Forex, the name of a "symbol" is composed of two parts - one for first currency, and another for the second currency. For example, the symbol usdjpy stands for US dollars (usd) to Japanese yen (jpy).

As with stocks, you can apply tools of the technical analysis to Forex charts. Trader's indexes can be optimized for Forex "symbols", allowing you to find winning strategy.

Example Forex transaction

Assume you have a trading account of $25,000 and you are trading with a 1% margin requirement. The current quote for EUR/USD is 1.3225/28 and you place a market order to buy 1 lot of 100,000 Euros at 1.3228, expecting the euro to rise against the dollar. At the same time you place a stop-loss order at 1.3178 representing a maximum loss of 2% of your account equity if the trade goes against you, 50 pips below your order price, and a limit order at 1.3378, 150 pips above your order price. For this trade, you are risking 50 pips to gain 150 pips, giving you a risk/reward ratio of 1 part risk to 3 parts reward. This means that you only need to be right one third of the time to remain profitable.

The notional value of this trade is $132,280 (100,000 * 1.3228). Your required margin deposit is 1% of the total, which is equal to $1322.80 ($132,280 * 0.01).

As you expected, the Euro strengthens against the dollar and your limit order is reached at 1.3378. The position is closed. Your total profit for this trade is $1500, each pip being worth $10.